View source for Hawkins Class Cruiser (1917)

Four of the five [[Cruiser|cruisers]] of the '''''Hawkins'' Class''' (sometimes called the '''''Raleigh'' Class''' or '''''Effingham'' Class''' and (maddeningly!) '''''Cavendish'' Class''') that were ordered were completed as cruisers, but one was completed as the [[Aircraft Carrier|aircraft carrier]] {{UK-Vindictive}}.  Although their 7.5-in guns lent them to the notion of being heavy cruisers, their single pedestal mountings still resembled the British model of an early light cruiser.

<div name=fredbot:ships>
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border=2 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 0.5em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" align=center;
|-
! colspan=6 align=left|Overview of 4 vessels
|-
| colspan=6 align=left|<small>Citations for this data available on individual ship pages</small>
|-
! align=center | Name 
! align=center | Builder 
! align=center | Laid Down 
! align=center | Launched 
! align=center | Completed 
! align=center | Fate
|- align=left
| {{Template:UK-Hawkins}}
|[[Chatham Royal Dockyard]]
|3 Jun, 1916
|1 Oct, 1917
|24 Jul, 1919
|Sold 26 Aug, 1947
|- align=left
| {{Template:UK-Raleigh}}
|[[William Beardmore & Company]]
|4 Oct, 1916
|28 Aug, 1919
|Jul, 1921
|Wrecked 8 Aug, 1922
|- align=left
| {{Template:UK-Frobisher}}
|[[Devonport Royal Dockyard]]
|2 Aug, 1916
|20 Mar, 1920
|Sep, 1924
|Sold 26 Mar, 1949
|- align=left
| {{Template:UK-Effingham}}
|[[Portsmouth Royal Dockyard]]
|2 Apr, 1917
|8 Jun, 1921
|Jul, 1925
|Wrecked 18 May, 1940
|}
</div name=fredbot:ships>
==Machinery==
[[File:ARTS1916Plate48.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Electrical Distribution Scheme'''{{ARTS1916|Plate 48}}]]
===Boilers===
===Engines===
===Generators===
In 1916, it was approved that the ships were to be given four 105-kw dynamos at 220 volts.{{ARTS1916|p. 120}}

==Armament==

===7.5-in Guns===
The guns had armoured shields of 1 inch thickness on the face, sides and top, weighing 7.25 tons.{{UKTHVol4Part34|p. 18}}

The mountings were C.P. V.{{DirectorH|p. 145}}

===Torpedoes===
* Two 21-in submerged broadside tubes forward, angled 90 degrees and horizontal.{{ARTS1916|p. 35}}
* Four 21-in above-water tubes, fixed and with gyro angle pads for adjusting torpedoes.{{ARTS1916|p. 35}}

Though it was envisioned that they would eventually use the {{Torp|21-in Mark V|UK}}, in mid-1920 it was ordered that they should use the {{Torp|21-in Mark IV*|UK}} as a temporary measure.{{ARTS1920|pp. 6-7. (G. 10141/20-6.8.1920)}}

==Fire Control==

===Range Dials===
As of 1920, the four ships completed as cruisers had a [[Range Dial Type H]] and a [[Range Dial Type J]].{{UKManGun1920III|p. 45}}

===Rangefinders===

By 1921, the ships were equipped as follows:{{HRFs1921|p. 170}}
* Spotting top: 12ft [[F.Q. 2]] on [[M.Q. 1]] mounting
* After control platform: 15ft [[F.T. 24]] on [[M.Q. 11]], 9ft [[F.Q. 2]] on [[M.P. 2]]
* High Angle: 2m [[F.T. 29]] on [[M.T. 6]] or [[M.T. 10]]

===Mechanical Aid-to-Spotter===
By 1919, all the ships were likely equipped with four [[Mechanical Aid-to-Spotter Mark II*]]s, with Elliott's Bearing Transmission.  The installations generally consisted of placing one on each side of the foretop, driven by flexible shafting from a gearbox on the director tower.{{UKManGun1920III|p. 35, 37}}

Supplies of these devices begane in June 1918.{{FCHMShips|pp. 25-6}}

In 1917, it was decided that these should have mechanical links from the director and pointers indicating the aloft Evershed's bearing.{{ARTS1917|p. 230}}

===Evershed Bearing Indicators===
The  ships almost surely had [[Evershed Bearing Indicator|Evershed gear]] for gun control from delivery, as approval for their outfits was issued in 1916.{{ARTS1916|p. 175}}

===Directors===
They were completed with directors in place.

The [[Elevation Receiver]]s for the 7.5-in battery were 4-in Triple Type with mechanical tilt correctors, Pattern H. 12.  They could indicate elevations up to 30 degrees.  The [[Small Type Training Receivers]] were pattern number 20 on #1 and #2 and P3 and S3, whereas #4, #5 and #6 had pattern number 21.{{DirectorH|pp. 145, 146}}
<!--
===Gunnery Control===

====Control Positions====

====Control Groups====

===Transmitting Stations===
-->

===Dreyer Table===
In 1918, it was planned that all five projected vessels receive [[Dreyer Table Mark I*]]s,<ref>''Handbook of Captain F.C. Dreyer's Fire Control Tables, 1918''.  p. 3.</ref> but it is unclear as to whether any of the ships received these or the more advanced types they are later recorded as possessing.  By 1930, ''Hawkins'' had a [[Dreyer Table Mark IV*]] of unrecorded register number.<ref name=FourStar6>Admiralty. ''Pamphlet on the Mark IV* Dreyer Table, 1930'', p. 6.   Whether this was a true Mark IV* or an upgraded Mark IV is not known.</ref>  At that time, ''Frobisher'' and ''Effingham'' were noted as having [[Dreyer Table Mark III*|Mark III*]] tables.<ref name=ThreeStar1>Admiralty. ''Pamphlet on the Mark III* Dreyer Table, 1930'', p. 1.</ref>  As ''Raleigh'' was wrecked in 1922, little is known of her equipment.

===Fire Control Instruments===

==Torpedo Control==
[[File:ARTS1916Plate85.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Torpedo Control, as proposed in 1916'''{{ARTS1916|Plate 85}}<br>Note that it was later determined that the transmitters shown in the {{TS}} and the corresponding receivers in the control positions was not to be provided, as the information would not be available in the T.S..{{ARTS1916|p. 151}} ]]
[[File:ARTS1917Plates73_74.jpg|thumb|400px|'''Torpedo Control Circuits'''{{ARTS1917|Plates 73,74}}]]
The torpedoes could be controlled and fired from the C.T. or the T.C.T., with firing keys routed through {{COS}}es in the T.S..  

The CT had
* Two gyro angle transmitters
* Two order transmitters
* One range receiver (from {{TCT}})
* One range and torpedo deflection transmitter (to T.C.T.)
* One bearing transmitter (to T.C.T.)

The T.C.T. had
* Two gyro angle transmitters
* Two order transmitters
* One range transmitter (to C.T.)
* One range and torpedo deflection receiver (from C.T.)
* One bearing transmitter (from C.T.)

The tubes had:
* Two gyro angle receivers, one from C.T. and one from T.C.T.
* Two order receivers, one from C.T. and one from T.C.T.

All three locations had fixed Navyphone connections to the other two, and the C.T. also had voice pipes to the torpedo tubes.

In 1919, it was decided that {{UK-Hawkins}} should receive a [[Renouf Torpedo Tactical Instrument Type B]], and that one should be allocated for the other three units as they were completing construction.{{ARTS1919|p. 119, 120}}  A year later, the allocation plan was re-iterated.{{ARTS1920|p. 91}}

==See Also==
{{refbegin}}
{{WP|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawkins_class_cruiser}}
{{refend}}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
{{refend}}

{{Footer Hawkins Class Cruiser (1917)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hawkins}}

{{CatClassCruiser|UK}}


<!-- data

nat=UK
cat=Cruiser
type=cruiser

chain=Major Cruisers

{ship
name=Hawkins
pend=8A (Jul 1919){{DittColl|p. 49}}
builder=[[Chatham Royal Dockyard]]{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
order=Dec, 1915{{DittColl|p. 49}}
laid=3 Jun, 1916{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
launch=1 Oct, 1917{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
comm=24 Jul, 1919{{NLJan21|p. 784}}
fate=Sold
fate2=Scrapped
fatedate=26 Aug, 1947{{DittColl|p. 49}}
}

{ship
name=Raleigh
pend=96 (Sep 1920){{DittColl|p. 49}}
builder=[[William Beardmore & Company]]{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
order="
laid=4 10 16{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
launch=28 8 1919{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
comm=7 21{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
fate=Wrecked
fate2=
fatedate=8 8 22{{DittColl|p. 49}}
}

{ship
name=Frobisher
pend=81 (Sep 1924){{DittColl|p. 49}}
builder=[[Devonport Royal Dockyard]]{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
order="
laid=2 8 16{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
launch=20 3 1920{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
comm=9 24{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
fate=Sold
fate2=Scrapped
fatedate=26 3 1949{{DittColl|p. 49}}
}

{ship
name=Effingham
pend=98 (Jul 1925){{DittColl|p. 49}}
builder=[[Portsmouth Royal Dockyard]]{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
order="
laid=2 4 17{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
launch=8 6 1921{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
comm=7 25{{Conways1906|p. 63}}
fate=Wrecked
fate2=near Harstad, Norway{{DittColl|p. 49}}
fatedate=18 5 1940{{DittColl|p. 49}}
}


data -->